الفلسفة التجريبية والفلسفة العقلية - دراسة في أفكار بيكون وديكارت النقدية

Abstract

This study deals with the two most important trends that appeared in western political thought; the experimental trend and the rational trend. Starting from the perspectives of the English philosopher Francis Bacon and the French philosopher Rene Descartes, we seek to reveal the intellectual structure of both trends, understand their main principles as well as highlight their features. To reach this goal, we define Bacon's experimental method, which takes experience and sensory input as a source of knowledge, we will also look at Descartes' perspective and his skeptical approach, which believes that the mind is the only source of knowledge, and does not yield to any previous judgments without examining and analyzing them.