Green international efforts towards environmental pollution in the Arab Gulf countries - achievements and necessities for activation - Saudi Arabia and Qatar as an example

Abstract

Climate change has significantly impacted the economy, politics and society over the past decade, and at the same time green policies have emerged as a crucial policy framework for growth and development in developed and developing countries. These policies are seen as a shift in thinking about development and growth that can enhance people's lives and the environment while also promoting environmental and economic sustainability. It is a broad concept that has generated controversy among politicians, economists and environmental scientists.

Accordingly, international green policies, especially towards energy resources, were represented as a tool to improve environmental performance while reducing climate risks. However, these policies face long-term challenges to economic growth and stability. They seek to achieve long-term development through innovation and the use of advanced technologies. However, implementing these policies on the ground is not easy, especially in Arab countries, and the countries of the Arabian Gulf in particular, the subject of the study. Accordingly, the research shed light on the most prominent international green efforts towards the countries of the Arabian Gulf, then addressed two application models, namely Saudi Arabia and Qatar, for the purpose of showing the most prominent indicators of progress in these two countries for our country, Iraq, to ​​benefit from them.