الستراتيجية الأوروبية في مواجهة الأزمات

- Ahmed Nazif, Conference on the Future of Europe: Goals, Tasks and Challenges, Emirates Policy Centre, March 23, 2021, on the website: https://epc.ae/ar/details/feqtured/mutamar-mustaqbal-uwrubba-alahdaf-walmaham-waltahdiyat (Date of visit: 1/28/2024).

- In preparation for confronting crises...the European Union decides to establish a rapid reaction force of up to 5,000 soldiers, Al Jazeera, 3/22/2022, on the website: https://www.algjazeera.net.politics /

- European Union - Economic Security Strategy, European Center for Counter-Terrorism and Intelligence Studies ECCl, Studies Unit ((27)), Bonn, September 27-2023, on the website: https://www.europarabct.com/. (Date of visit: 1/23/2004).

- The European Union amends the Schengen rules, Al Jazeera, 5/24/2024, on the website, Aljazeera.net/news/2024. (Date of visit: 5/29/2024).

- National Security - European Union Strategies - Security, Defense and Economy (File), European Center for Counter-Terrorism and Intelligence Studies, Studies Unit, Bonn, September 28, 2023, on the website: http://www.europarabct.com

- Geagea Ismail, The Crisis of European Integration between Collective Ambitions and National Interests, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Mohamed Bou Diaf University - M’sila, 2018-2019 AD, 1440 AH, PDF. On the website: dspce.univ-msila.dz:8080 /xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/15017/. (Date of visit: 1/29/2024).

- Jeromin Zettelmayr, Simone Taglia Pietra, George Zachman, Kunal Heussaff, Overcoming the European Energy Crisis (FSD), Finance and Development Journal, International Monetary Fund, December 2022, on the website:

https://www.imf.org/ar/publication/fandd/issues/202212/beating- theeuropean-energy-crisis-zettelmeyer# (date of visit 1/24/2024). 8- The European Union Security and Defense Package, an official European Union website, The Diplomatic Service of the Enropean Union, 10/19/2017, at the website: http://www.eeas.europa.ewu/node/16693-ar

- Hussein Al-Moubayed, The Future of the European Union in Light of the Current Crises, Shaf Center for Future Studies and Analysis of Crises and Conflicts, the Middle East and Africa, 7/23/2022, on the website: https://shafcenter.org/. (Date of visit: 29 /1/2024)

- Dora Iakova, Alfred Kammer, and James Ruff, How can the European Union’s ambitious climate change mitigation goals be achieved, on the website

https:/ www.imf.org/ar/Blogs/Articles/2020/09/24/blogs-how- - the-eus-ambitious-climate-mitigation-goals)- to-meet- (Date of visit 1/26 /2024). 11- A. Ratiba Tifuni, Challenges of the European Union in Light of New Crises

- Rozan Al-Fayed, Many Dangers: Europe Facing the Water Crisis, European Studies Unit, Egyptian Center for Thought and Strategic Studies, 8/14/2023, on the website: https://ec55.com.eg/36033/.( Date of visit: 1/26/2024) 13- Zainab Haider, The European Union and the 2020 Crisis... Collapse or Futile Continuation, Al Jazeera, 4/6/2020, on the website: https://www.aljazeera.net/blogs/2020/4/6/. (Date of visit: 1/22/2024)

- European Defense Policy, French Diplomacy, July 2019, on the website: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/ar /

- Europe’s Green Deal, the European Union’s “Green Deal” provides a solid plan for a smooth transition to a sustainable, climate-friendly future, Europe, facts about Germany, on the website: wawrwba/ https://www.tatsachen-euber-deutschland .de/ar/almanya-sfqt-awrwba-alkhadra. (Date of visit: 1/26/2024) . 16- In the face of energy and price crises... Europe will build “strategic reserves” for lithium and rare metals and insist on punishing Russia, Al Jazeera Net, 9/14/2022, on the website: 9/14/2022/ https://www. .aljazeera.net/ news

- Dr. Christian Koch, The European Union faces the challenge of maintaining unity and avoiding drift into nationalism and populism, Opinions on the Gulf, Wednesday, March 29, 2023, on the website: araa.sa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6519:2023-03- 12-29-04-47&catid=4641&Itemid=172

- Karim Masloh, European Defense Policy, Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, August 25, 2022, on the website: https://www.dohainstitute.org/BooksAndJournals/pages/european-defense-policy.aspx

- How does the European Union face crises, pdf, pp. 95-96, https://books.google.iq

- What are the limits of the success of the idea of European strategic independence? Interregional Strategic Analyzes, International Association of Political Experts and Analysts, 4/19/2023, on the website: https://apa.inter.com/post.php?id=6033

- The Ukraine and European Union crisis file: Is there a shift in defense and security policies? , European Center for Counter-Terrorism and Intelligence Studies (ECCl), prepared by the Studies and Reports Unit (2), Germany and the Netherlands, May 11, 2022, on the website: https://www.europarabct.com 22- Dr. Mona Soliman, Future Challenges for the European Union in 2023... Reality and Prospects, International Politics Journal, 1-22-2023, on the website: http://www.siyassa.org.eg/News/18493.aspx

- Nadia Balourgui, The repercussions of the Eurozone crisis on the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, a case study of Algeria, Master’s thesis, Faculty of Economic, Commercial and Management Sciences, Mohamed Kheidar University, Biskra, PDF. (Date of visit: 1/30/2024).

- Youssef Al-Shati, European Union crises threaten the idea of international cooperation, Al-Jazeera, 4/2/2018, on the website: https://www.aljazeera.net/blogs/4/22/2018. (Date of visit: 1/30 /2024).

- Ana Palacio, The European Union faces four challenges, translated by: Maysa Kamel, May 22, 2019, Project Syndicate, on the website: https;//www.project-syndicte.org/commentary european-parliment-elections-eu-reform- by-ana-palacio-2019-5/ arabic. (Date of visit: 1/28/2024).