الدور السياسي للسفراء الامريكان في العراق بعد 2003
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58298/812025682الكلمات المفتاحية:
ادوار السفراء، المحاذير والقيود، حصانات وامتيازاتالملخص
يفترض بالسفراء عادة تمثيل دولهم لدى الدول الاخرى والدفاع عن مصالحها ،ولايفترض ان يكون تمثيل السفراء الامريكان في العراق مختلفاً،الا ان معظم السفراء الذين تولوا المهمة بعد 2003 أثاروا الجدل في السياسات المتبعة من قبلهم ،واعتبرت تدخل في الشؤون الداخلية للبلد متجاوزين المهام المعتادة للسفراء ،ذلك ان السفير لديه امتيازات وحصانات تعينه على العمل ،لكن في نفس الوقت هناك حدود لايجب عليه تجاوزها ومحاذير يتقيد بها ،فهل عمل السفراء الامريكان في العراق وفق ذات النمط ،وهل كان للشخص نفسه ،والمرحلة التي عمل فيها وعلاقاته اثر في السلوك المتبع من قبله ،هذا مايحاول البحث الاجابة عنه وفق منهج تاريخي ومقارن
المراجع
A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Iraq, Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute, United States Department of State, https://history.state.gov/countries/iraq
Gen. Sean MacFarland…Amb. Stuart Jones, Episode 25. Iraq: The Diplomatic And Military Fight Against ISIS With General Sean MacFarland And Ambassador Stu Jones Part I
/Former Ambassadors,U.S. Embassy & Consulate in Iraq , https://iq.usembassy.gov/ar/former-ambassadors
Haeil Saleh Al-Zaben, The Legal Basis for Granting Diplomatic Immunities and Privileges, Master’s Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Law, Middle East University, 2011
Iraq and American Pressures: Domestic Legislation in the Face of Foreign Interference, Al-Masala, August 21, 2024,https://almasalah.com/archives/99048
Iraq’s Multi-Layered Crises: The International Partners’ Priorities and Perspectives,Alina Romanowski, US Ambassador to Iraq, Maurizio Greganti, Italian Ambassador to Iraq,Ville Varjola, the Head of European Union,Tanya Gilli-Khaylani, Former Member of Parliament, Iraq (Moderator),MERI middle East Research Institute,January29th2023,https://www.meri-k.org/publication/iraqs-multi-layered-crises-the-international-partners-priorities-and-perspectives/
Iraq: The Transition From A Military Mission To A Civilian-Led Effort, A Report To The Members Of The Committee On Foreign Relations United States Senate ,One Hundred Twelfth Congress,First Session,January 31, 2011, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington 2011.
James Jeffrey… A new mission in Iraq, Al-Ittihad News Center, 29/August/2010, https://www.aletihad.ae/wejhatarticle/54509/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A9%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82
John Negroponte to Become US Ambassador to Iraq - 2004-06-22, October 30, 2009
Jon Lee Anderson, American viceroy , 11dec2005,The New Yorker,https://www.newyorker.com/contributors/jon-lee-anderson
Kenneth M. Pollack, Iraq and a policy proposal for the next administration ,Brookings , https://www.brookings.edu/articles/iraq-a-policy-proposal-for-the-next-administration/
Kenneth M. Pollack, US Policy Toward Iraq, American Enterprise Institute (2017), http://www.jstor.com/stable/resrep03296 ,,downloaded Tue, 11 Jun 2024 .
Lionel Beehner, US intervention in Iraqi politics ,March 30 2006,council on foreign relations , https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-intervention-iraqi-politics
Mahmoud Khalaf, The Diplomatic Theory and Practice, Arab Cultural Center, Casablanca, 1988.
MP: U.S. Ambassador Threatens Iraq’s National Security, Kayhan , Publish Date : 16 November 2022 - 21:35,
https://kayhan.ir/en/news/109057/mp-us-ambassador-threatens-iraq%E2%80%99s-national-security
Radhwan Bin Sari, Diplomatic and Consular Immunities and Privileges, Al-Manar Journal for Legal and Political Researchs and Studies, Issue 1, June 2017, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Yahya Fares University, BilMedea
Steven Metz , Decision making In Operation Iraqi Freedom:: Removing Saddam Hussein By Force,Strategic Studies Institute, Us Army War College (2010): http://www.jstor.com/stable/resrep11560 ,downloaded on Tue, 11 Jun 2024
Sarah Childress, Zalmay Khalilzad: Maliki and the “Unmaking of Iraq, frontline, July29,2014
Shafiq Abdul Razzaq Al-Samarrai, Diplomacy, Open University, Tripoli, 2001
Susan B.Epstein, U.S. Embassy in Iraq, CRS Report for Congress ,order code RS21867,Updated April11 2005 ,
The American ambassador in Iraq faces criticisms, AlQuds Al Arabi, August21,2024,https://www.alquds.co.uk/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA/
Timour Azhari, Exclusive: Islamic State still a threat in Iraq, US ambassador says, March24,2024,Reuters, https://www.reuters.com/world/islamic-state-still-threat-iraq-us-ambassador-says-2024-03-24/
U.S. Ambassador In Iraq Sparks Mixed Reactions, From Calls To Expel Her To Awe At Her Ability And Influence, May 30, 2023Iraq , Special Dispatch No. 10632,(The Middle East Media Research Institute),MEMRI, https://www.memri.org/reports/us-ambassador-iraq-sparks-mixed-reactions-calls-expel-her-awe-her-ability-and-influence
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) in the Official Gazette of the United Arab Republic, Year Seven, (Issue 271), November 25, 1964
Watheq Alsadoon, Biden's Iraq Policy: Rehabilitating Us-Iraq Relations For The World Of Post-Ukrainian War, Analysis 310 ,March,2 0 2 3,Orsam(Center For Middle Eastern Studies, Turkey
Youssef Kharbash, Excesses of the Duties of a Diplomatic Envoy, Master’s Thesis in Law/Public International Law, Submitted to the Faculty of Law and Political Science at Yahya Fares University, Bilmedea, Algeria, 2022.
الملفات الإضافية
منشور
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2025 دينا هاتف مكي

هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
هذه هي مقالـــــة منشـــــــــورة بنمط الوصـــــول الحـــــــر ومـــــــوزعة تحــــــت شــــــروط ترخيص المشاع الابداعي نسب المصنف (CC BY) 4.0 دولي التي تسمح بالاستخدام غير المقيد، التوزيع، واعادة الانتاج في أي وسيط أو صيغة، والتحوير أو البناء على المادة، بما في ذلك للأغراض التجارية، شريطة أن يتم نسب العمل للمؤلف الأصلي.