دور حلف الناتو في الحرب الروسية – الاوكرانية (2022 - 2023)

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Carpenter, T. G. (2022, March 7). The U.S. and NATO Helped Trigger the Ukraine War. It’s Not ‘Siding With Putin’ to Admit It But Moscow’s cruel overreaction deserves emphatic condemnation. https://www.cato.org/commentary/us-nato-helped-trigger-ukraine-war-its-not-siding-putin-admit-it.

Charap, S., & Priebe, M. (n.d.). Avoiding a Long War: U.S. Policy and the Trajectory of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict. https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PEA2510-1.html.

Consilium Europa. (n.d.). EU sanctions against Russia explained The EU has imposed massive and unprecedented sanctions against Russia in response to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/restrictive-measures-against-russia-over-ukraine/sanctions-against-russia-explained.

Crowley, M. (2023, December 12). Eric Schmitt and Helene Cooper, U.S. Aid to Ukraine by the Numbers, Reporting from Washington. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/12/us/politics/ukraine_us_military_aid.html.

Dixon, R., & Stern, D. L. (2022, February 5). Six reasons Russia is at odds with Ukraine’s Zelensky. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/05/russia_putin_ukraine_zelensky.

European Council. (n.d.). Council of the European Union, EU sanctions against Russia explained: The EU has imposed massive and unprecedented sanctions against Russia in response to Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions/restrictive_measures_against_russia_over_ukraine/sanctions_against_russia_explained/.

Gov.Uk. (2023, April 13). Uk Bolsters Support For Ukraine And Low-Income Countries. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk_bolsters_support_for_ukraine_and_low_incomecountries#:~:text=In_total%2C_the_UK_has,in_military_support_for_2023.

Madrid Summit Declaration. (2022, June 29). Issued by NATO Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Madrid. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_196951.htm

Marten, K. (2020). NATO enlargement: evaluating its consequences in Russia (إ. م. علي (trans.)). International Politics; Springer Nature Limited. https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/7970212/mod_resource/content/1/7._Marten_2020.pdf.

Mills, C. (2023, October 4). Military assistance to Ukraine since the Russian invasion, Research Briefing, House of Commons Library. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research_briefings/cbp_9477/%0Ahttps://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP_9477/CBP_9477.pdf%0A.

NATO (a). (2023, August 3). Relations with Russia. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_50090.htm.

NATO (b). (2022, February 28). NATO’s defensive shield is strong’’, says Chair of the NATO Military Committee. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_192544.htm?selectedLocale=en.

NATO (b). (2023, July 28). Relations with Ukraine. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/topics_37750.htm.

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Pruthi, A. (2022, March 24). NATO and Russia-Ukraine War. https://www.drishtiias.com/blog/nato_and_russia_ukraine_war.

Reuters. (2023, February 7). Russia: NATO involvement in Ukraine threatens “unpredictable” escalation Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia_nato_involvement_ukraine_threatens_unpredictable_escalation_2023_02_07/.

Service, R. U. (2021, November 11). U.S., Ukraine Sign Updated Text To Strategic Partnership Document. https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine_us_partnership_russia_security_defense_economy_energy/31556056.html.

Tsuruoka, M. (n.d.). The Russia-Ukraine War and NATO, Society of Security and Diplomatic Policy Studies SSDP. http://ssdpaki.la.coocan.jp/en/proposals/108.html.

U.S. Department of Defense. (2023, September 21). Immediate Release Fact Sheet on U.S. Security Assistance to Ukraine. https://media.defense.gov/2023/Sep/21/2003306164/_1/_1/0/Ukraine_Fact_Sheet.PDF.

U.S. Department of State. (2021, November 10). U.S.-Ukraine Charter on Strategic Partnership. https://www.state.gov/u_s_ukraine_charter_on_strategic_partnership.

Uk, C. P. (2022, March 4). parliament Uk, Military Assistance to Ukraine 2014_2021, House of Commons Library. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research_briefings/sn07135.

Vazquez, M., & Liptak, K. (2021, September 1). Ukrainian President accomplishes years_long quest for a White House visit with Biden meeting. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/09/01/politics/ukraine_volodymyr_zelensky_biden_white_house/index.html.

Vilnius Summit Communiqué. (2023, July 11). Issued by NATO Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Vilnius. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_217320.htm.

Yadav, I., & Srinivasan, C. (2022, February 25). Russia_Ukraine crisis and the role of NATO: 7 points. https://www.hindustantimes.com/world_news/russiaukraine_crisis_and_the_role_of_nato_7_points_101645767614428.html.